{"id":54747,"date":"2024-07-26T16:30:50","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T20:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/?p=54747"},"modified":"2024-07-26T16:51:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T20:51:36","slug":"rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2024\/07\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\/","title":{"rendered":"Rembrandt Painting Exposes Colorful Secret"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_1787\" style=\"width: 215px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1787\" class=\"wp-image-1787\" src=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt-300x250.jpg\" alt=\"Rembrandt's masterpiece The Night Watch, showing a group portrait of militiamen in uniform with their weapons against a darkened background.\" width=\"205\" height=\"171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 205px) 100vw, 205px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>The Night Watch<\/em> by Rembrandt van Rijn<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Dutch scientists have made a fascinating discovery through meticulous tests on Rembrandt&#8217;s masterpiece <em>The Night Watch<\/em>. They have concluded that the artist likely had access to materials previously thought unavailable in seventeenth-century Amsterdam, a revelation that challenges our understanding of Rembrandt&#8217;s palette and techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The Night Watch<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, one of Rembrandt van Rijn\u2019s most iconic paintings, is undergoing a thorough restoration process. This enormous group portrait, created in 1642, was initially thought to depict a night scene, a misconception due to a layer of dark varnish that was not removed until the 1940s. The current restoration efforts, known as Operation Night Watch, began in 2019. In a novel approach, the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam has transferred the painting into an enormous glass enclosure, ensuring that specialists can access the painting without removing it from public view. Operation Night Watch aims to fully document the restoration, mapping out the entire painting bit by bit to gain a comprehensive understanding of how Rembrandt created it. In this process, specialists have discovered where the paint has specifically discolored, the locations of the canvas\u2019s deformations, and elements that are now missing from the present work. Most recently, however, chemists have found that Rembrandt used specific varieties of pigments previously thought unavailable to him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Fr\u00e9derique Broers and Nouchka de Keyser, PhD students at the Van \u2019t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, worked alongside Rijksmuseum specialists in detecting the presence of sulfur and arsenic in some of the pigments. They were found specifically in the detailing for one of the painting\u2019s main figures, <\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhGIq4L5TM3UkVwFA8puiZj7uwWil1QeVZ7jRVlTJjvnlyhVcG6HLTrmsn2x9NeFBRZMN7L9yBE_j4DvONahjLS47vap0WFWabiJZAQNbGAfQ8blrIvNKpCz76v4QqAHz1XvM3i53zn5FRT\/s1600\/Lieutenant+Willem.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburch<\/span><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">. After detecting arsenic in the paint, they initially concluded that Rembrandt likely used realgar and orpiment pigments for his red and orange-yellow paints. However, after further analysis, they found something more interesting. The actual pigments used were more unusual, as they contained pararealgar, <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">which is<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> a yellow pigment, and semi-amorphous pararealgar, which is more orange-red. Normally, that would not be interesting as realgar degrades into these compounds as it ages. But since the paint seems unaltered and both pigments are distributed rather evenly, the specialists concluded that Rembrandt had intentionally used pararealgar and semi-amorphous pararealgar to achieve the sort of shimmering gold effect <\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/full\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1186%2Fs40494-024-01350-x\/MediaObjects\/40494_2024_1350_Fig1_HTML.jpg?as=webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">found in the detailing of Van Ruytenburch\u2019s coat<\/span><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">. At the time, pigment manufacturers and vendors could synthetically create these pigments by treating naturally-occurring mineral realgar <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">through<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> sublimation. Because of this process and the fact that <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">the materials were imported<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, these pigments were rare in seventeenth-century Dutch paintings. Researchers first picked up on the presence of these compounds in 2021, but they have finally <\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40494-024-01350-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">published their complete findings in the journal <\/span><\/a><em><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40494-024-01350-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Heritage Science<\/span><\/a><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">According to the report<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, \u201cA comprehensive review of historical sources gives insight into the types of artificial arsenic sulfides that were available and suggests that a broader range of arsenic pigments could have been available in Amsterdam in the seventeenth century than previously thought.\u201d The team also tested paintings by Rembrandt\u2019s contemporaries to see if they could detect pararealgar. Eventually, they detected pararealgar in the Willem Kalf still-life painting <\/span><em><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/B7qhYTP1s_5HEhs34gXA-WK5M-1E7fwSh_HC_DhSVV6lHcexGHpDdl3nZsppT5gIdvC5As2y4eVP9xfUTbFUIuZWhHw=s500-c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Still Life with a Silver Jug and a Porcelain Bowl<\/span><\/a><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Arsenic sulfides have <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">been previously found<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in several Rembrandt paintings, including <\/span><em><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_-_Portret_van_een_paar_als_oudtestamentische_figuren%2C_genaamd_%27Het_Joodse_bruidje%27_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The Jewish Bride<\/span><\/a><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">. However, they have never <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">been commonly associated<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> with the artist\u2019s palette. Their presence in <\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The Night Watch<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> shows these pigments\u2019 intentional use and may lead to further studies into several subjects. These include the availability of certain colors to Dutch Golden Age artists, how these painters consciously used color, and the seventeenth-century world\u2019s interconnectedness through commerce.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dutch scientists have made a fascinating discovery through meticulous tests on Rembrandt&#8217;s masterpiece The Night Watch. They have concluded that the artist likely had access to materials previously thought unavailable in seventeenth-century Amsterdam, a revelation that challenges our understanding of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2024\/07\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\/?contemporary=Y\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,1],"tags":[345,612,611,65,58,11,9,508],"class_list":["post-54747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rehs-galleries","category-rehs-contemporary","tag-17th-century-art","tag-17th-century-dutch","tag-dutch-golden-age","tag-museums","tag-old-masters","tag-rehs-contemporary-news","tag-rehs-galleries-news","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rembrandt Painting Exposes Colorful Secret - Rehs Galleries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Through meticulous tests on Rembrandt&#039;s masterpiece The Night Watch, Dutch scientists have made a fascinating discovery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2024\/07\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rembrandt Painting Exposes Colorful Secret\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Through meticulous tests on Rembrandt&#039;s masterpiece The Night Watch, Dutch scientists have made a fascinating discovery.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2024\/07\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rehs Galleries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RehsGalleriesInc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-26T20:30:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-26T20:51:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/04\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nathan Scheer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1d33fd182b28afdad8fc3548ffe6bdc4\"},\"headline\":\"Rembrandt Painting Exposes Colorful Secret\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-26T20:30:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-26T20:51:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":614,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/rembrandt-painting-exposes-colorful-secret\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2013\\\/04\\\/2013-04-05-The_Nightwatch_by_Rembrandt.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"17th Century Art\",\"17th Century Dutch\",\"Dutch Golden Age\",\"museums\",\"Old Masters\",\"Rehs Contemporary - Art World News\",\"Rehs Galleries - Art World News\",\"science\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Rehs 19th &amp; 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