{"id":47697,"date":"2023-06-16T08:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T12:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/?p=47697"},"modified":"2023-06-15T21:41:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T01:41:58","slug":"ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/06\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\/","title":{"rendered":"Ingres: A Painter&#8217;s Own Worst Enemy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_47698\" style=\"width: 234px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47698\" class=\"wp-image-47698 \" src=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"A self-portrait of a seated elderly man in a black suit, with the lapels covering medals attached to his breast.\" width=\"224\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-47698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1858 self-portrait of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was one of France\u2019s great nineteenth-century master painters. He is often regarded as a Neoclassicist, but his work often transcended categories and labels. He was a bastion of artistic conservatism, often opposing the passion and sensuality of the Romantic painters. But Ingres may have been shocked to know that his works inspired not just academic painters but the modernists and avant-garde artists of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After studying under Jacques-Louis David and working as a portraitist in French-controlled Rome, Ingres soon became one of the leading figures in the divide between Neoclassical and Romantic painters. In a real-life personification of this divide, he developed a rivalry with his contemporary Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix. Delacroix\u2019s work is sensual and colorful, while Ingres produced more refined and clean work, keeping within the academic tradition. Some art historians argue that the Neoclassical-Romantic divide continued an artistic divide from over a hundred years earlier. In 1671, an argument broke out among members of the Royal Academy as to what artistic component was the most important in a work: form or color. The Academy divided itself into factions, with the Poussinistes, named after the French Baroque painter Nicolas Poussin, arguing that the form of the subject deserved the most attention (and that color was merely decorative). Meanwhile, the Rubenistes, named after the Flemish master Peter Paul Rubens, prioritized color. They argued that color was paramount because the point of art was to strive towards recreating nature itself. At the same time, the Poussinistes believed that the point of art was to take a subject in one\u2019s mind and recreate its form using nature as a mere reference point. The supposed \u201cresolution\u201d to this argument occurred decades later when the Academy admitted Rococo painters like Antoine Watteau. Despite the matter&#8217;s resolution in the early eighteenth century, these same arguments continued into the nineteenth through Ingres and Delacroix. Delacroix once described Ingres\u2019s work as \u201cthe complete expression of an incomplete intelligence\u201d. Meanwhile, some report that whenever Delacroix would enter a room, Ingres would mutter, \u201cI smell brimstone.\u201d There are stories that involve the two artists nearly coming to blows and having to be separated. However, similar to the stories about the strained relationships between van Gogh and Gauguin or between Degas and Manet, some of the more sensational stories may contain some exaggeration.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_47699\" style=\"width: 219px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47699\" class=\"wp-image-47699\" src=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-229x300.jpg\" alt=\"A portrait by Ingres of a woman in a nineteenth-century dress sitting on a red sofa.\" width=\"209\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-781x1024.jpg 781w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-768x1007.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-1172x1536.jpg 1172w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-1562x2048.jpg 1562w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Dominique_Ingres_-_Mme_Moitessier-scaled.jpg 1953w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-47699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Portrait of Madame Moitessier<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite being rooted firmly in traditional artistic styles, Ingres found a way to incorporate abstraction into his academic works so that the subjects could achieve the form he desired. His depiction of the human form often went beyond the classical ideal. His paintings like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/J%C3%BApiter_y_Tetis%2C_por_Dominique_Ingres.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jupiter and Thetis<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/84\/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres_-_Roger_Delivering_Angelica.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roger Freeing Angelica<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> show contortion that does not quite fit within the sculpted confines of the Greco-Roman aesthetic. Even in his portraits, Ingres did not always stick to strict realism. For example, his 1856 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portrait of Madame Moitessier<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may seem inoffensive until you look at the subject\u2019s hands. They seem unnaturally shaped, as if they\u2019re made of rubber, fingers bending this way and that. In this abstraction, Ingres unwittingly exerted a massive amount of influence on later modernists, who would develop styles completely contrary to the academic orthodoxy Ingres stood for. The Impressionists, for example, drew an incredible amount of influence from Ingres\u2019s use of form. They also admired one rather paradoxical aspect of his career: despite being a defender of the academic style, Ingres did not hold the Academy\u2019s Salon in the highest regard. Though he had little respect for the nonconformist Romantics, he still recognized that the academic establishment offered little room for experimentation and artistic independence. These same grievances led a new generation of artists like Manet, Monet, Pissarro, Degas, and Renoir to break from the Academy, form independent salons, and develop their own styles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even into the twentieth century, Ingres, the pillar of academic conservatism, influenced abstract painters. The aforementioned <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portrait of Madame Moitessier<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> must have made quite the impression when Pablo Picasso first saw it at the Louvre since he decided to use it as a model for his own 1932 portrait <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/images.nortonsimon.org\/fcgi-bin\/iipsrv.fcgi?IIIF=F19693810P.ptif\/full\/!668,1002\/0\/default.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Woman with a Book<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some art historians also claim that Ingres\u2019s portrait of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ec\/Louis-Francois_Bertin.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Louis-Fran\u00e7ois Bertin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> partly inspired Picasso\u2019s renowned <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/collectionapi.metmuseum.org\/api\/collection\/v1\/iiif\/488221\/1009264\/restricted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gertrude Stein portrait<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Furthermore, Ingres\u2019s 1859 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c9\/Le_Bain_Turc%2C_by_Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg\/1920px-Le_Bain_Turc%2C_by_Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Turkish Bath<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> likely influenced the form of Picasso\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/4\/4c\/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les Demoiselles d\u2019Avignon<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This list goes on and on. But there is a touch of irony to Ingres&#8217;s legacy. He was one of France&#8217;s great nineteenth-century artists. He idolized Jacques-Louis David and the neoclassical style, becoming a pillar of academic painting at a time when Romantic and later modernist styles were taking over. And yet, the very things that set him apart from some other academics were what inspired the impressionists, the cubists, the surrealists, and the other modernists who experimented and pushed art to its limits in the century-and-a-half following his death. Nevermind Delacroix; it was Ingres himself who, through his work, became his own worst enemy.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was one of France\u2019s great nineteenth-century master painters. He is often regarded as a Neoclassicist, but his work often transcended categories and labels. He was a bastion of artistic conservatism, often opposing the passion and sensuality of the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/06\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\/?contemporary=N\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":47698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,1],"tags":[384,146,74,88,802,523,11,9],"class_list":["post-47697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rehs-galleries","category-rehs-contemporary","tag-19th-century-european","tag-19th-century-french","tag-french-academic","tag-french-impressionist","tag-neoclassical","tag-portrait","tag-rehs-contemporary-news","tag-rehs-galleries-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ingres: A Painter&#039;s Own Worst Enemy - Rehs Galleries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, a conservative, academic painter, serve as an inspiration for the nonconformist artists who developed modernism?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/06\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ingres: A Painter&#039;s Own Worst Enemy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, a conservative, academic painter, serve as an inspiration for the nonconformist artists who developed modernism?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/06\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rehs Galleries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RehsGalleriesInc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-16T12:00:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/505409.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nathan Scheer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1d33fd182b28afdad8fc3548ffe6bdc4\"},\"headline\":\"Ingres: A Painter&#8217;s Own Worst Enemy\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-16T12:00:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":859,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/ingres-a-painters-own-worst-enemy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/505409.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"19th Century European\",\"19th Century French\",\"French Academic\",\"French Impressionist\",\"neoclassical\",\"portrait\",\"Rehs Contemporary - Art World News\",\"Rehs Galleries - Art World News\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Rehs 19th &amp; 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