{"id":47565,"date":"2023-07-12T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/?p=47565"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:20:40","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T15:20:40","slug":"picassos-guernica-at-86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/07\/picassos-guernica-at-86\/","title":{"rendered":"Picasso&#8217;s Guernica At 86"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_47566\" style=\"width: 390px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-scaled.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47566\" class=\"wp-image-47566 \" src=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-300x112.webp\" alt=\"The anti-war painting Guernica by Pablo Picasso, showing a number of human and animal figures, both dead and alive, painted in black, white, and gray.\" width=\"380\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-300x112.webp 300w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-1024x384.webp 1024w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-768x288.webp 768w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-1536x576.webp 1536w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-2048x768.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-47566\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Guernica<\/em> by Pablo Picasso<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 1937 World&#8217;s Fair was the International Exposition held in Paris, highlighting \u201cart and technology in modern life\u201d. Like in previous world fairs, many countries had their own pavilions to display the scientific, artistic, and commercial progress they had made since the last international gathering. The exposition organizers built many of these pavilions in the Trocad\u00e9ro Gardens, just across the Pont d\u2019Iena from the Eiffel Tower. Among the pavilions in these gardens were those of Austria, Denmark, Egypt, Japan, Romania, Uruguay, and many others. But the two towering structures at the gardens&#8217; entrance after crossing the Pont d\u2019Iena were the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/images.squarespace-cdn.com\/content\/v1\/53b9abe9e4b0366641161844\/1440176103510-CI7RWRWMA2BHBIK56G27\/image-asset.jpeg?format=1000w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nazi German and Soviet pavilions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Both were incredibly large buildings running parallel to the riverbank, with a German eagle atop one and a pair of workers holding aloft a hammer and sickle atop the other. The two structures almost seemed to have been staring each other down, which retrospectively seems appropriate given the events of the next decade. But at the time, a more evident irony may have struck some visitors. In the shadow of Germany\u2019s swastika-clutching eagle stood the Spanish pavilion. Spain\u2019s building was a more modest affair, built and outfitted by the Spanish Republican government one year into fighting a civil war against nationalist rebels led by General Francisco Franco. The dark irony of having the German and Spanish pavilions so close to each other was because on April 26th, nearly one month before the exposition\u2019s opening, the Nazi air force\u2019s Condor Legion, at Franco\u2019s request, bombed the town of Guernica in Spain\u2019s Basque Country and killed over sixteen hundred civilians in the process. Many historians now say that the town was not a legitimate target and that the bombing constituted a war crime. Nazi German involvement in the bombing campaigns served as practice runs for the blitzkrieg tactics seen in Poland two years later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">News of the bombing shocked the entire world and provoked many artists to create works in response. For example, the Belgian surrealist Ren\u00e9 Magritte created his painting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uploads3.wikiart.org\/images\/rene-magritte\/black-flag-1937(1).jpg!Large.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le drapeau noir<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while the French sculptor Ren\u00e9 Ich\u00e9 created his bronze statue <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roubaix-lapiscine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/03-Guernica.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In Ich\u00e9\u2019s case, he made the sculpture the day after the bombing and considered it so grotesque that he refused to exhibit it during his lifetime. But the one artwork most often associated with the bombing of Guernica is the groundbreaking work by Pablo Picasso, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corhermans.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/09\/guernicapicasso1937expositionparis.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">first unveiled<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the Paris Exposition\u2019s Spanish Pavilion on July 12th. Despite being one of Spain\u2019s best-known artists, Picasso had been living in Paris for the past thirty-three years. Spain\u2019s Republican government commissioned him to create a mural for the pavilion, namely one that would call greater attention to the ongoing civil war. Five days after the bombing, Picasso abandoned his original ideas for the work and began making sketches for what would eventually become <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He completed the job in thirty-five days.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_47567\" style=\"width: 354px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/El_poblado_de_Guernica_en_ruinas_tras_el_bombardeo.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-47567\" class=\"wp-image-47567 \" src=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/El_poblado_de_Guernica_en_ruinas_tras_el_bombardeo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of the town of Guernica after its aerial bombing. The hollow shells of buildings are laid out in rows, with no human presence visible.\" width=\"344\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/El_poblado_de_Guernica_en_ruinas_tras_el_bombardeo-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/El_poblado_de_Guernica_en_ruinas_tras_el_bombardeo.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-47567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ruins of Guernica after the bombing<\/p><\/div>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is nothing if not chaotic. It consists of human and animal figures, both alive and dead, painted in black, white, and gray. The lifeless bodies, the looks of anguish on some figures\u2019 faces, a hand clutching a broken sword, and the dull color palette convey destruction, havoc, sadness, and everything else that war brings. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> received mixed reviews in Paris, with conservative critics bemoaning that the work was too modernist. Spanish republicans criticized the work as failing to take a more overt stance against fascism, while many others complained that the painting did not offer hope for the future among the wreckage and carnage. However, some interpretations of the work fly in the face of these criticisms. The bull is one of the painting\u2019s major figures and likely represents Spain itself, since the bull is considered a sort of national animal. Because of the bull\u2019s reputation as an aggressive animal (no doubt reinforced by Spain\u2019s bullfighting traditions), some interpret its presence in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as representing the destruction wrought by fascist forces on Basque civilians. The figure clutching the broken sword has their other hand outstretched. Picasso placed a stigma in the palm similar to the stigmata Christ received during his crucifixion, indicating martyrdom. Furthermore, two small glimmers of hope are inserted into the work: one is a flower growing right next to the shattered sword, and the other is a dove between the horse and the bull. Though cloaked in shadow, the dove is still alive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> did not gain widespread popularity until it went on an exhibition tour to drum up support for the Spanish Republican cause. It first traveled across Scandinavia, then to Britain before being sent to the United States. By the time <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was first exhibited in New York, General Franco had already claimed victory, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was being used to promote raising funds to aid Spanish refugees. Picasso gave the painting to New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art, requesting that the work be brought to Spain only when democracy had been restored. Pablo Picasso would not live to see <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> displayed in Spain, passing away two-and-a-half years before the start of Spain\u2019s transition to democracy that began with Francisco Franco\u2019s death in 1975. It was only in 1981 that the painting was brought to Spain, where it remains at the Reina Sof\u00eda Museum in Madrid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are some, particularly Basque nationalists, who say that the painting should be displayed in the Basque Country rather than Madrid. The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, just thirteen miles west of Guernica, would be a particularly suitable place to put the painting on display. But regardless of where people go to see it, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> remains one of Picasso\u2019s greatest works and one of the greatest anti-war artworks ever created. Upon seeing it in the Spanish Pavilion, Jean Cocteau very presciently commented that Guernica would become a cross that \u201cFranco would always carry on his shoulder.\u201d A large <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2022\/02\/04\/world\/04nations-tapestry-01\/04nations-tapestry-01-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tapestry copy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> now hangs at the Security Council room&#8217;s entrance at the United Nations New York headquarters. Even decades after its creation, the painting\u2019s imagery as an anti-war symbol remained so powerful that when Colin Powell went to the United Nations to justify the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the tapestry <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-2003-feb-06-fg-guernica6-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was covered up<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by a blue curtain so that it would not be visible while Powell fielded questions from the press. And just this past February, French artist Jean-Pierre Raynaud <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.artnet.com\/art-world\/jean-pierre-raynaud-guernica-rendition-ukraine-2261026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">created his own work<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> inspired by Picasso\u2019s painting in response to the ongoing war in Ukraine. This shows that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is just as striking and contains a message as important today as it was eighty-six years ago in 1937. As long as there is conflict, there will be people who will invoke <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guernica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who will invoke the memories of those killed in Spain, as a way to advocate for those who suffer, and to stand up against those who make war.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 1937 World&#8217;s Fair was the International Exposition held in Paris, highlighting \u201cart and technology in modern life\u201d. Like in previous world fairs, many countries had their own pavilions to display the scientific, artistic, and commercial progress they had made &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/07\/picassos-guernica-at-86\/?contemporary=N\">More&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":47566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,1],"tags":[634,120,65,198,418,11,9,386,32],"class_list":["post-47565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rehs-galleries","category-rehs-contemporary","tag-20th-century-european-art","tag-modern-art","tag-museums","tag-paris","tag-picasso","tag-rehs-contemporary-news","tag-rehs-galleries-news","tag-tales-from-the-dark-side","tag-the-dark-side"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Picasso&#039;s Guernica At 86 - Rehs Galleries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pablo Picasso unveiled his painting Guernica eighty-six years ago at the Spanish Pavilion of the 1937 Paris Exposition.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/07\/picassos-guernica-at-86\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Picasso&#039;s Guernica At 86\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pablo Picasso unveiled his painting Guernica eighty-six years ago at the Spanish Pavilion of the 1937 Paris Exposition.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2023\/07\/picassos-guernica-at-86\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rehs Galleries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RehsGalleriesInc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-12T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/guernica_sartle-scaled.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nathan Scheer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/picassos-guernica-at-86\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/picassos-guernica-at-86\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Nathan Scheer\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1d33fd182b28afdad8fc3548ffe6bdc4\"},\"headline\":\"Picasso&#8217;s Guernica At 86\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-12T12:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/picassos-guernica-at-86\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1175,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/2023\\\/07\\\/picassos-guernica-at-86\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/rehs.com\\\/eng\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/guernica_sartle-scaled.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"20th Century European Art\",\"Modern Art\",\"museums\",\"paris\",\"picasso\",\"Rehs Contemporary - Art World News\",\"Rehs Galleries - Art World News\",\"tales from the dark side\",\"The Dark Side of the Art World\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Rehs 19th &amp; 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