{"id":38109,"date":"2019-07-23T12:45:06","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T16:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/?p=38109"},"modified":"2024-04-16T01:19:37","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T05:19:37","slug":"water-high-levels-of-humidity-a-paintings-worst-enemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2019\/07\/water-high-levels-of-humidity-a-paintings-worst-enemy\/","title":{"rendered":"Water & High Levels of Humidity: A Painting\u2019s Worst Enemy!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\tToday, many of us have faced the consequences of torrential
\nrain and flooding.\u00a0 It is becoming more
\ncommon to hear about areas of the country that are under water, houses
\nflooding, and personal property being damaged or destroyed.\u00a0 I have even experienced this when Sandy hit
\nthe Northeast and flooded homes in our neighborhood – ours included.\u00a0 When the water receded, we found that two
\npaintings (which were sitting on the floor in the lower level of our home)
\nsuffered water damage.\u00a0 Luckily, we had
\ninsurance for our artwork.\nWhile searching the internet for information about water
\ndamage, I discovered there is very little out there … certain conservation and
\nrestoration services have short articles, and The American Institute for
\nConservation’s (AIC)\u00a0website has a general article on Caring For Paintings
\n(https:\/\/f9f7df2c79cc13143598-609f7062990e04dd7dd5b501c851683c.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/aichaw_0493f1d82de26310c50cab7af5c54d87.pdf<\/a>)\u00a0 This article will attempt to give you a
\nbetter understanding of what damage water and high levels of humidity can
\ncause.\n

To begin with, you need to understand the actual make-up of an oil painting, and I am going to limit myself to older works of art for this discussion.\u00a0 Initially, the artist needs to choose a support – canvas stretched on a wooden stretcher, flat wood panel, canvas board, etc.\u00a0 Then, using a brush, they prime the support with gesso (a white paint ground) in order to create a stiffer and smoother base coat to paint on. \u00a0This layer of gesso also prevents the oil paint from being absorbed by, and possibly damaging, the support.\u00a0 Once primed, the support is set aside to dry for at least two weeks; at which point it is ready for the final layers of oil paint – the artist’s work of art.<\/p>\nTraditionally, gesso was made from a combination of chalk,
\nwhite pigment, animal glue and water (used to dilute the mixture; making it
\neasier to apply). \u00a0Today, there are other types of gesso available,
\nincluding acrylic forms, and there are canvases and panels that can be bought
\nalready primed.\nNow you would think that once the gesso had dried and was
\ncovered with oil paint and varnish, all would be well, but that is just not the
\ncase.\u00a0 The problem is that because the basic support (canvas, wood, etc.)
\nis exposed on the back and porous, water can be absorbed and cause the gesso to
\nreactivate.\u00a0 If enough water is absorbed, the bond between the oil paint
\nand gesso, or between the support and gesso, can give way causing the paint to
\nlift or flake.\nMost conservators will tell you that it is important for
\nworks of art to be kept in fairly stable environments; a temperature of 75
\ndegrees and a humidity level of 55% are ideal … but we all know that our homes
\nare less than ideal and temperatures and humidity levels will fluctuate
\nthroughout the year.\u00a0 What everyone needs to understand, is that paintings
\ncan and will adapt to minor environmental changes as long as the changes are
\nnot sudden and dramatic.\nHere is a story about one such sudden and dramatic change in
\nhumidity levels – relayed to me by a conservator. \u00a0An important Old Master<\/a>
\npainting had been hanging in a damp castle in Europe all its life (a less than
\ndesirable environment to say the least).\u00a0 When small changes in its
\ncondition began to appear, it was decided that the work should be moved to a climate-controlled
\nenvironment — the results were disastrous.\u00a0 Once removed from its damp
\nhome, the painting began to deteriorate at a rapid pace … the problem was that
\nthe painting had acclimated to its original damp environment.\u00a0 The move
\nhad actually caused more damage than it was supposed to prevent, and the
\npainting was returned to its damp home where it stabilized.\u00a0 The
\nrestoration\/conservation was then carried out while the work was in its
\noriginal environment.\n

Serious levels of water, in an environment that is usually water-free, will have similar effects.\u00a0 The recent hurricanes and floods in the United States brought disastrous levels of water into homes.\u00a0 Of course, those works of art that were complete submersed in water were probably destroyed beyond repair … all of the paint would have literally washed off the support.\u00a0 However, even those works of art that were in homes where the water levels may not have risen above the artwork, many have suffered severe damage.\u00a0 The reason for this is two-fold.\u00a0 First, the extreme levels of humidity that was present for an extended period of time would have caused drastic changes in the work’s environment.\u00a0 These rapid changes in humidity levels could cause the supports to ‘move’… canvases would have loosened up and panels may have cracked.\u00a0 This, in turn, could cause severe cracking and even flaking of the oil paint.\u00a0 Second, even though the work itself may not have touched the rising water, the walls on which they were hanging did; absorbing serious amounts of water and likely transferring some of the water to the works of art.\u00a0 This, in turn, could cause the gesso to reactivate and in some cases, the paint could have fallen off its support.\u00a0 Now you may think that all of these works are totally destroyed, but that is not always the case.<\/p>\n

When I first entered the art business, I spent a year working with a conservator … \u00a0we actually owned a conservation studio for more than 20 years. \u00a0I remember when a call came in from a collector who was in a panic about a work of art that was hanging in his apartment.\u00a0 While he was on vacation, a steam pipe broke and there was a painting hanging above it.\u00a0 When he returned, the entire center section of the painting had loosened up, cracked and fell off the canvas … there was a pile of little pieces on the floor.\u00a0 The head conservator went over to assess the damage and returned with the severely damaged painting and a baggie filled with all the little pieces that had fallen off.\u00a0 After carefully conserving the structural support, he was able to piece together (and glue into place) all the pieces from the lost area … thereby restoring the work.\u00a0 In the end, it was very difficult to even see that the work had sustained such serious damage.<\/p>\nKeep in mind that smaller amounts of water can also cause serious
\nproblems.\u00a0 It is best to always store paintings in the living areas of
\nyour home; not in basements or attics where there are both wide fluctuations in
\ntemperature and humidity.\u00a0 If a work of art has been covered by water, the
\nfirst thing you should do is remove it from the affected area – holding it face
\nup and level.\u00a0 Then, if the surface looks stable, blot up any excess water
\nwith a soft cloth. \u00a0Do not wipe the surface – if small areas have begun to
\nlift, you may actually cause the paint to chip off.\u00a0 As soon as possible,
\ncontact a professional art conservator so that they can assess the level of
\ndamage and determine what can be done to conserve the work.\u00a0 You may also
\nwant to call your insurance company to inform them of the situation … they may
\nhave specific requirements for the loss to be covered.\nNow before you panic about collecting works of art because
\nof the potential issues ‘water’ and ‘humidity’ can cause, please remember that
\nmost older works of art have survived for decades or centuries in environments
\nthat had little or no climate controls.\u00a0 Many of these works are still in
\ngreat condition and since the development of central air and heating, they are
\nnow living in much safer and more stable environments.\nOne final comment… it is very important to remember that in
\nthe case of a natural disaster, one’s first thought must always be for the
\nsafety of human life.\u00a0 Once that is taken care of, we can worry about
\npersonal belongings … though I have told members of my family that if we have to
\nevacuate our home because of a pending flood, make sure there is plenty of room
\nin the cars for the art!\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Today, many of us have faced the consequences of torrential rain and flooding.\u00a0 It is becoming more common to hear about areas of the country that are under water, houses flooding, and personal property being damaged or destroyed.\u00a0 I have … More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":30689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[399,400],"class_list":["post-38109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rehs-galleries","tag-art-collecting-advice","tag-how-to-safely-navigate-the-art-market"],"yoast_head":"\nWater & High Levels Of Humidity: A Painting\u2019s Worst Enemy!<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2019\/07\/water-high-levels-of-humidity-a-paintings-worst-enemy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Water & High Levels of Humidity: A Painting\u2019s Worst Enemy!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today, many of us have faced the consequences of torrential rain and flooding.\u00a0 It is becoming more common to hear about areas of the country that are under water, houses flooding, and personal property being damaged or destroyed.\u00a0 I have … More...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/2019\/07\/water-high-levels-of-humidity-a-paintings-worst-enemy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rehs Galleries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RehsGalleriesInc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/howard.rehs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-07-23T16:45:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-16T05:19:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/rehs.com\/eng\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/john_bentham_dinsdale_e1223_the_flag_the_flag_the_precious_flag_BLACK_AND_WHITE.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1053\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Howard L. 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